Canada's Criminal Law Codification

نویسنده

  • Nicholas Kasirer
چکیده

La r6forme du droit par la codification et son histoire semblent fasciner tout juriste, et notamment le juriste qu6b6cois. L'auteur analyse l'histoire et l'historiographie de ce genre particulier de r~forme h partir d'un recent historique de la codification du droit p6nal canadien de 1892. Toujours conscient des pifges du r6visionnisme et du prsentisme, il 6tablit un paralle entre cette codification du droit criminel et l'activit6 lgislative qui a donn6 naissance au Code civil du Bas Canada de 1866. Dans un deuxi~me temps, l'auteur va au-delh des codifications elles-m~mes et examine comment l'histoire de ces codifications a dtd relates. Une lecture comparative des historiques des codifications tels que narr6s par juristes et historiens met en lumi~re les contraintes m~thodologiques sous-jacentes h l'effort de raconter 'histoire d'une 16gislation. Un survol de certains de ces textes 6crits par des juristes qu6b~cois amine l'auteur h conclure que l'historique de la 16gislation repr~sente une occasion opportune de s'impliquer dans ce que l'on a d6jA dcrit comme 6tant 1'<< histoire interne du droit >. Dans la dernibre partie de cet article, l'auteur se base sur la codification du droit priv6 qudb6cois et celle du droit pdnal canadien pour illustrer qu'une technique l6gislative demeure contingente aux faits historiques qui 'entourent. II conclut en soulevant Ia difficult6 de s'entendre sur une conception universelle de la codification qui transcendrait les diffdrents domaines du droit, les traditions juridiques et les circonstances historiques. Using a recent historical account of the codification of Canadian criminal law in 1892 as his point of departure, the author explores the history and historiography of this particular brand of law reform which holds such fascination for lawyers generally, and notably for Quebec lawyers. Mindful of the perils of revisionism and present-mindedness, he draws parallels in the codification of criminal law and the legislative effort which resulted in the Civil Code of Lower Canada of 1866. The author then moves beyond the codifications themselves to examine how the history of Quebec private law and Canadian criminal law codifications have been told. A comparative reading of the histories of codifications as recounted by lawyers and historians affords an opportunity to reflect on the methodological constraints on the telling of the history of legislation generally. Citing some leading examples of such accounts written by Quebec lawyers, the author concludes that the history of legislation may represent a useful occasion to engage in what others have described as "internal legal history". In the final section of his paper, the author uses the examples of Quebec private law and Canadian criminal law codification to reflect on codification as a modem legislative technique and on how historically contingent this legislative technique may in fact be. He concludes by observing the difficulty in finding any truly universal meaning for codification that might transcend different disciplines of law, different legal traditions and different historical circumstances.

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تاریخ انتشار 2011